The many archaeological remains found in and around the town of Pego bear witness to the fact that humans have populated this valley since time immemorial, taking advantage of the mountains, the proximity of the Mediterranean sea and an abundance of fresh water. The site of Ambra castle houses remains of decorated Neolithic pottery dated between 4000 and 2000 B.C.

The Romans left their mark on the Tossalet de Almela and Pujol, at sites such as the Bullentó, Castelló, Rupais and the Tossalet de les Mondes. In the year 726 the Moors occupied the valley of Pego.

Once the Muslim revolts were quashed, the repopulation of the area began following the approval of the carta de poblament or municipal charter – the first in 1279 and the second in 1286, which was drawn up under more positive conditions and in which King Alfons III assigned the farmstead of Uxola as the sight of the future town of Pego. The new walled town was colonised by settlers from Barcelona.

L'Atzúbia and Forna have been joined together under the same municipality since the year 1911. Both villages are of Arabic origin but preserve a significant Bronze Age and Ibero-Roman heritage as a result of having been populated by these civilisations.

The Moorish population left many marks on the area. Forna is a magnificently preserved Moorish farmstead and is presided by a medieval castle.

Unfortunately the historical records of this municipality were destroyed during the Spanish Civil War.

The earliest evidence of settlements in La Vall d'Ebo dates back to the Upper Paleolithic era (1800 to 1500 B.C.) and can be found at the Cova del Reinós archaeological site. In 1234, King James I conquered the land that until then had been in the hands of Al-Azraq. In 1609, the valley became depopulated following the expulsion of the Moors. The new settlers arrived mainly from Majorca, as can be ascertained by the persistance of surnames in the town that are common to the Balearic island: Mengual, Frau, Llodrà...

In 1744 the municipality included three villages, namely Villars, Serra and Benisual, which took the joint name La Vall d'Ebo in 1814; the ruins of these ancient hamlets are still standing today. Many works of religious art where destroyed throughout the country during the Spanish Civil War. The Baroque church of La Vall d'Ebo used to house a great number of paintings and other works of art that were destroyed by looters targetting churches and convents. The only piece that escaped unharmed is the 17th-century carving of the Virgen de los Desamparados (Our Lady of the Forsaken), belonging to the Vergara school of sculpture.

La Vall d'Alcalà preserves archaeological remains of human presence dating back to prehistoric times, as evidenced by the rock art preserved in the Condoig and La Roca shelters. The Iberian settlement of Xarpolar is of particular importance.

The town achieved its greatest splendour during the Muslim period. In the 12th century Alcalà was the epicentre of a wilayah (an administrative division, usually translated as ‘state’ or "province’), a feudatory of the medieval Muslim kingdom of Valencia, officially known as the Taifa de Valencia. La Vall was densely populated and covered eight Arab farmsteads, known as Benibullfasem (Jovada), Adzuvia, Roca, Benialí, Benixarco, Criola, Beniaia, Caerola and Benissili, in addition to the castles of Alcalà and Beniaia.

Following the death of the valley’s last vizier, the legendary Al-Azraq, in 1276 and after the Christian reconquest of the valley, a Moorish Lordship was created bearing the title ‘Baronía del Castillo, Honor y Vall d'Alcalà’ (‘Barony of the Castle, Honour and Vall d’Alcalà’). For more than three centuries it was inhabited by Moors, who kept their own customs, religion and organisation until their expulsion in 1609.

The Christian settlers moved into La Jovada, Beniaia, Benissili, La Roca and Caerola. The latter two were abandoned in the late 18th century and Benissili became part of La Vall de Gallinera in the mid-19th century.

In the 20th century the town experienced considerable emigration, with the population dropping from more than 600 inhabitants to just 200 today.

The history of this municipality dates back to the Middle Paleolithic period (100,000 – 50,000 B.C.) when the first human settlements were recorded, as ascertained from the remains discovered in Cueva d’en Pardo cave. Several collections of rock art have been found dating back to prehistoric times and were declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO. The Iberians also left their mark on the valley as evidenced by the remains of the Xarpolar village, which can still be visited.

The Islamic culture is best represented by the two castles that dominate both entrances to the valley, namely the castle of Benissili or Alcalà when arriving from inland, and the castle of Benirrama or Gallinera when arriving from the coast. The origin of these castles dates back to the 11th century, and in the 13th century they became the residence of Al-Azraq, the historical Muslim prince who led the resistance against the Christian troops of King James I.